The concept of healthy life of Chinese food led to large changes in structure, one of which is edible popular. Structure statistics, Shandong Province in 2009 2.061 million tons edible Zongchandadao, 12.37 billion yuan output value, export volume 210 million U.S. dollars, Chinese mushroom industry ranked second overall target.

Reporter learned from the Agriculture Department of Shandong Province, Shandong Province mushroom industry expanded its production scale. Has developed major producing counties (cities, districts) more than 40, more than 200 major producing town, village, more than 1,500 production bases, in which over 100 million yuan output value of primary production counties (cities) has reached more than 20. At the same time diversified product line. Mushroom in the consolidation of development around the other six on the basis of conventional varieties, actively guide farmers to expand production base and Coprinus comatus, Pleurotus, mushroom, Agrocybe, Stropharia, crab, mushrooms taste high-quality, high added value of rare fungi. The province has reached more than 20 kinds of mushrooms grow.

By 2009, Shandong Province, mushroom production and processing enterprises has been developed leading to more than 100, factory production accelerated. Especially the “Eleventh Five-Year” since, Shandong Province, nearly 30 more than 15 million yuan investment in the modern mushroom factory production enterprises put into operation, led the Shandong mushroom cultivation from family workshops to intensive, factory, standardized production development, from scattered to the advantage of many varieties cultivated varieties of appropriate scale, industrial development.

To ensure the quality of edible fungi, Shandong Province, pay close attention to standardization of production, accelerated the pace of standard system sound edible. In the 15 counties (cities, districts) standardization of the main producing areas throughout the province to establish demonstration areas to standardized production base for the model, to play its leading role of radiation. Actively promote the implementation of brand strategy, promotion of mushroom production base and processing enterprises, “Three Grades of Certification” work. As of now, nearly a hundred demonstration bases in Shandong Province and leading enterprises of agricultural products have been polluted (000,061, stock it), green food and organic food certification.

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When you are training in Maplesstory ,choose the right grounds will help you to save lots of time to level quickly and can make much more mesos in the game!
Level 30-34: Train where you have trained before. Ant Tunnel is a good choice, and so is Land of Wild Boars II (Not Land of Wild Boars, Jr. Boogies will give you too much trouble). Jr Sentinels and those green and horned mushroom tree dungeons at Ellinia are profitable alternatives. Fish Resting Spot is not a bad choice as well. You may also butcher the roosters and ducks in Shanghai once you can kill them with one Magic Claw per fowl.

Level 35-39: Go Kill Sakura Cellions. They’re awesome training. They give out a lot of money too. Ice mages can now go kill Fire Boars with ease, so do so at Burnt Land I or II. They can also go to Sand Castle Playground to train on Flower Fishes if they want. Lightning right now is still too weak for your purposes, so boars are a good source of exp and money for now (use magic claw, not lit!). Lightning mages can also train well on Ratz in Floor 100 of Helios Tower. Standing on a slide allows one to rain down lightning while not getting hit.

If you start with Lightning, you can also keep it at level 15 when you reach level 35 (assuming you put 1 pt in Teleport at level 30), and train on the hamsters on the 99th floor of Helios tower. This will be a lightning wizards’ fastest EXP gain until at least level 55, if you work it correctly. (to compare for around level 50, better to kill 4 Retz at 78XP each every 6 seconds, than 1 fire drake at 220 EXP each, and the Retz spawn en-masse at one spot, while larger rarer monsters like Fire Drakes require you to travel…and suffer plenty of damage). Then just work the Retz until you get enough points stored (save at least 9) to raise Lightning to level 24 directly from 15.

This is because the spell doubles in cost from 20 to 40, at spell level 16, making it very hard on your potions. At about lightning level 24, the damage increase should be worth the doubling of MP, but if you’re unsure, you can wait until you get 12 skill points. It’s also very safe to train at the Retz as you can’t get hit unless you are grabbing loot. You can possibly gain 2-3 levels a day at low experience levels this way if you’re a hardcore grinder.

If you are careful with your lightning to mob at least 4 Retz per cast, and pick up all the loot and seeds, you should at -least- break even in mesos/potion use, unlike lorangs, which will drain your mesos like water…

Note: Black Ratz are also a good alternative, at 70 EXP per kill and the fact that they are easier to kill then Retz it may be more profitable to kill them instead.

Level 40-49: If you’re an ice mage, now would be a good time to move up to Jr Cellions (the red kitties) at Ossyria, and Fire Boar is a solid (but less rewarding) alternative. You can also train on sakura cellions they are very rewarding. They give out a lot of exp and money. Thunder Mages can consider Lorang, can also train on Jr Cellions or Grupin if Lorang costs too much money. You’re going to lose money on pots wherever you go anyway, unless you work the hamsters, so why not lose them on monsters that give good exp and decent drops? Party with cleric at Hot Sands occasionally if you’re feeling bored.
Note: for lightning mages, 78 EXP Retz are much faster EXP than the lorangs, as they spawn in mobs, and travel time is reduced to near nothing. It’s strongly advised to continue working the Retz unless you are really bored. If your ice is maxed, and you’re a hybrid, but poor, don’t train at Retz; go kill fire boars or Jr Kitties for safe, fast loot until you get enough mesos to have a good stock of potions. Unless you are more concerned with getting rich (item drops) as opposed to leveling fast, Retz mobbing is -highly- recommended, and thus Hybrids/lit mages will have a big advantage over those who don’t raise Lightning until after meditation.

If you started with Ice and are hybridizing, continue training on fire boars and Jr. Kitties until you raise lightning to level 15 at around experience level 45. (Assuming you are becoming a hybrid). Then use the same advice as above, for the Retz in Helios tower. Being a hybrid is STRONGLY advised, as working the Retz will let you level as fast, or faster, than any other class for now. (Yes, that includes bandits).

Time to go to Monster Carnival! There’s more information about Monster Carnival in the Party Quests section. Monster carnival is great training for Level 40~50 (but you can enter when you’re Level 30)

Think: 30000exp in 10 minutes! But that is only if you win and you get rank A. If you’re a lit mage, you can do Retz too, because you aren’t much help in carnival(for the person who keeps changing this, stop changing it!!!) when you’ve only got lightning bolt.

Maple coins are wanted, they are found rarely by monsters in the carnival party quest. You can get an Arc Staff (Level 45 staff){20 coins}, Cromi (Level 48 wand){20 coins}, or even the famous Speigelmann’s necklace!(gives +1 STR, +1 DEX, +1 INT, and +1 LUK){50 coins} from Spiegelmann.

Note: Robos are really annoying, because they are strong against ice. Tell some other people like bandits to kill robos. If you just don’t want to see them, try going into room 1 or 2. You will not see them unless someone summons them.

Level 50-59: If you have both Ice and Lit, Hot Sands is a very good choice. With only Ice, Red Drake should now be what you’re training on (you can also go for Cellions and Lioners if Red Drakes hurt too much), while with only lit, Retz are still your best bet right now, even though you’re earning less than 0.01% exp per kill, mobbing them should let you level every 6-8 hours until you reach level 55. Move to hot sands if you’re going for Ice after med, when you have level 15 ice. With the new lands coming out, Platoon Chronos in The Road of Time is also a good choice. Many still recommend Lorangs, but due to the travel time required (lots of walking), plus the constant damage you will take, Hamsters are your best choice if you want to gain mesos. You should level 3-4x as fast on Retz as you would on Lorangs. Around level 55, you could also consider drakes meal table as a decent training spot. The exp is in general better then Retz, you’ll gain 85 + sometimes a 240 exp times 6 a few seconds or 135 times 6 a few seconds. The drops are also noteworthy, as wild cargo’s sometimes drop tobi’s, and Drakes quite often kumbi’s. The only big drawback of this place is that it drains meso’s. Especially with magic guard on, which is a must since cargo’s do around 300 damage. Expect to earn half of what you need for the potions. (For lightning wizards)Try going into the room with the roids and neohuroids in Magatia, known as C-2. It has a lot of monsters, and you can mob them to the edge of the map where there is a safe spot to zap them with lightning.
Level 60 -69: Cellions, Lioners, Red Drakes, Hot Sands, Helios Tower, the old spots. You can TRY to train at Buffoons if you like, but that’s not generally a good idea. If you’re not so obsessed with big damage, electrifying some jr. Yetis may not be a bad idea, as with freezing up some hectors and zombies.
Level 70-75: Same old, same old. Zombies, Hot Sands, Red Drakes. Buffoons might be more practical to hunt right now, but there isn’t much change in training. If you’re still doing RETZ, you must be a masochist
Level 76-83: IS mages can start killing Death Teddies now, since there are some sniping points present where you can hit them without worrying about getting hit. It’s not great on your wallet, but it’s very fast training. If you need money, Zombies are your friend again. You can also try Buffoons. Comp Mages should just stay at Zombies or Buffoons right now.
Level 83-88: IS mages got some options now. Bains are a pain to get to and there aren’t many sniping spots, but they’re like Death Teddies with more money, though the map isn’t pure Bains and poison geysers are annoying. Death Teddies are as good as always. If you feel bold, you can try Vikings. Comp mages should probably go for Bains now, or Vikings if you’re bold.
Level 88+: Vikings are a great target. JMSers could probably go for Bains in Weapon Storage (the map after Anego), or try the Kentauruses which give good exp Leafre (though I’m not sure about their spawns). 
  Thanks for your reading,hope it can give you some help on traing your character in Maplestory?

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There are many who have praised the truffle through the ages, from Pliny’s statement (or warning) that it would be better to suffer a famine of wheat than a shortage of truffles, to the upscale gourmands of today who sometimes pay hundreds of dollars for a truffle dish. And why is this? Because the truffle is one food plant we have not yet domesticated even though its potency has been savored for thousands of years.

First of all, a brief explanation of what we are talking about. Truffles are a type of mushroom, broadly speaking, but narrowly speaking are not mushrooms. They grow underground, rather than sprouting up after a rain, and rely on sharp-nosed animals to root them out and eat them to spread their spores. Pigs were traditionally used, and are still employed in some areas although trained dogs are much more common. Truffles are mycorrhiza, a type of fungus that is symbiotic with plants. They are similar to the bacteria in your gut that help digest various types of food. They get fed, and you get fed. Mycorrhizas help plant roots break down specific things (such as insects) into nutrients that can be absorbed. The truffle itself is like any mushroom, the reproductive element of the fungus that is largely invisible to our eyes.

Truffles do not exist in a vacuum. They are carefully adapted to specific environments and fair poorly or not at all outside of those circumstances. There exist many different varieties, from the Italian white to the French black, to the Asian varieties such as the Chinese black. The French black, in particular, is highly prized as a commodity, selling in the $800 per pound range. Although fungi in general are all over and are symbiotic with almost every plant that has been studied, each species is very specific to its native environment.

There are those who might want to quibble about the lack of domestication of the truffle. Since the 1970’s the French have used a technique for seeding spores in the roots of seedling trees that can result in truffle trees that, years down the line, may at some point yield truffles in good years. Variations on this technique have been adapted elsewhere, in the US predominantly in California and North Carolina, with the same results. Plant enough “truffle trees” under the right circumstances, water and nourish it properly, and eventually you get truffles. You have to have the right tree species, the right soil acidity and composition, the right precipitation (or at least irrigation), the right combination of temperature variation, and maintain it as such for years without visible results.

Now, domestication refers to a process of selectively breeding a population for desired traits, sometimes to the point that they can’t survive in the wild. For example, Pliny referred to wheat, which was central to European agriculture. Its wild grass ancestor does not hold its seeds (grain) to the stalk; in fact, it wants it to scatter as much as possible, as easily as possible over as long of a period as possible. For our uses, we needed grains that wouldn’t fall off the stalk, that were big and heavy and thus wouldn’t scatter, and that all matured at the same time. Without human interference, wheat would virtually disappear even though its ancestral cousin (which still exists) does just fine on its own.

However, all of these changes were random mutations that were selectively bred for over thousands of years and positively reinforced through how our ancestors cultivated it. There’s little evidence that we’ve had this same impact on truffles.

Part of the problem is that the truffle doesn’t lure humans per se it lures pigs. It reeks (literally, the stronger the scent the more prized the truffle) in a way that drives female pigs wild. They root around the soil and find the buried treasure. Oddly enough, once out of the ground the truffles can provoke a strong reaction in humans as well. Which, as far as the fungus is concerned, is just as well because it primarily wants to be eaten. The whole idea is for the spores to be in spoor, so to speak, and eliminated in the forest around the right kind of trees of that forest.

However, where there is money to be found eventually science will be brought in to deal with a problem. One of the problems is that we just don’t understand enough about fungi in general to know how to intentionally manipulate something like the lifecycle of the truffle. Accidental domestication has failed, but today there are new tools at the disposal of mycologists. Someday, someone will pay for fungal genomes to be sequenced and studied– and this has to happen sooner, rather than later.

Remember that bit about exacting environmental conditions for fungi? Accelerating climate change can have a big impact on things like growing seasons, precipitation, etc. Although it appears that multiple fungi can help for the most part many plants, we don’t know the limits of this adaptability. We can reasonably assume that all sorts of life have over the long run, overcome previous periods of climatic upheaval. However, adaptation takes a long time– it must work on random mutations in the genes, with those few members of a population with slightly better adaptations surviving to maturity having more reproductively successful descendants…until conditions change again that turn advantages into disadvantages. However, this can play out over generations and huge areas, which render it of very little value over, say, the next couple of centuries in areas concerned with cultivating truffles. We know, for example, that around 1900 there were recipes involving pounds of truffles. Today, the total tonnage of truffle production is a small percent of what it was in previous years and there are far more people today to consume that smaller supply. Was this because of environmental degradation associated with the wars in the 20th Century, or other industrial sources of pollution, or overhunting, or overlogging, or some other change, or some combination of elements that must be untangled? This question needs to be answered for us to understand how to more easily cultivate the truffle and will be partially answered by sequencing the genes of the truffle and painstakingly matching up specific sequences with expressed proteins and figuring out which “junk” DNA helps regulate patterns of protein expression.

Proper understanding of truffle species’ genomes will happen. Consumers with a lot of money are interested in them. Agriculturalists and horti-culturalists are interested in them. Scientists are beginning to become more interested in fungi in general and their interactions with plants. In ten years, not only will there be a wider variety of successful truffle farms spread across the globe, each with their own isolated populations in slightly varying conditions, but the tools used to sequence the genomes of rats, mice, fruit flies, humans, chimps and other animals will be brought to bear on this issue. Not only is there a commercial interest in furthering mycology specifically for truffles, but by doing so it will further the agro sciences in general. Their history, role in our diet, and recent redistribution all set them apart as ideal subjects to help understand more about mycorrhiza.

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www.mushroomvideos.com Part 2 of the BRF Tek section of Let’s Grow Mushrooms 2 DVD set
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